Which condition is characterized by low blood sodium levels?

Hyponatremia is the condition characterized by low sodium levels in the blood. Sodium is an essential electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance, blood pressure, and proper muscle and nerve function. When sodium levels fall below the normal range, it can lead to various symptoms, including headache, confusion, seizures, and even coma in severe cases.

Understanding the mechanisms of hyponatremia is important for recognizing its causes, which can include excessive water intake, certain medications, or medical conditions affecting sodium balance. This condition is of particular concern in clinical settings, as it can complicate treatment and lead to serious health risks if not addressed appropriately.

The other conditions listed, such as hypertension (high blood pressure), hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), and hypothermia (abnormally low body temperature), are unrelated to sodium levels in the bloodstream and do not reflect the specific issue of hyponatremia.