Which joint types are classified as hinge and ball-and-socket?

The classification of hinge and ball-and-socket joints is based on their movement capabilities and structural characteristics. Hinge joints allow movement primarily in one plane, functioning like the hinge of a door. They provide flexion and extension, which is evident in joints such as the elbow and knee.

On the other hand, ball-and-socket joints permit a greater range of motion, allowing movement in multiple axes and planes. This structure resembles a ball fitting into a socket, facilitating movements such as rotation, abduction, adduction, and circumduction, as seen in the shoulder and hip joints.

Therefore, identifying hinge joints and ball-and-socket joints together accurately delineates the specific classification of these types of synovial joints that are characterized by their unique structural designs and movement capabilities. The other options either combine unrelated joint types or do not correctly specify both categories of joints mentioned in the question.