Which terminology is associated with the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by lifestyle choices?

The terminology most closely associated with the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by lifestyle choices is "nutraceuticals." Nutraceuticals refer to food products that provide health benefits in addition to their basic nutritional value. They often contain natural compounds that can enhance health, prevent disease, or promote optimal health.

While psychoactive substances relate to substances that affect mental state and behavior, they don't focus specifically on lifestyle disease prevention or treatment. Phytochemicals are beneficial plant-derived compounds that may support health but are typically components of nutraceuticals rather than a separate category focused exclusively on disease prevention tied to lifestyle choices. Probiotics, known for their digestive health benefits, are a specific subgroup of nutraceuticals, emphasizing gut health, yet do not broadly encompass the diverse array of lifestyle-related diseases in the same manner that nutraceuticals do.

Thus, nutraceuticals are the most comprehensive term here, as they encompass a wide range of dietary substances that target health issues arising from lifestyle choices.